The Lost Temples: Pandharpur, Solapur, Maharashtra

Pandharpur is a town located in the Solapur district of Maharashtra, India. It is an important pilgrimage site for followers of the Hindu deity Lord Vitthal, also known as Vithoba. Here are some key facts about Pandharpur:

1. Pilgrimage Destination: Pandharpur is renowned as the abode of Lord Vitthal, a form of Lord Krishna. The town attracts millions of devotees, especially during the annual Pandharpur Yatra or Wari, which is one of the largest religious pilgrimages in Maharashtra. Devotees walk long distances to reach Pandharpur, singing devotional songs and carrying palanquins with the images of Lord Vitthal and his consort Rukmini.
2. Vithoba Temple: The main attraction of Pandharpur is the Vitthal Rukmini Temple, also known as the Pandharpur Temple. It is one of the most important Vaishnavite temples in Maharashtra. The temple complex is dedicated to Lord Vitthal and houses the iconic black stone idol of the deity. Devotees offer prayers, sing devotional songs, and participate in various rituals and festivals throughout the year.
3. Sant Tukaram: Pandharpur is closely associated with the prominent 17th-century Marathi saint and poet, Sant Tukaram. He was a devotee of Lord Vitthal and composed numerous abhangs (devotional songs) in praise of the deity. Sant Tukaram’s teachings and spiritual legacy have had a profound impact on the culture and traditions of Pandharpur.
4. Palkhi Procession: The Palkhi procession is an integral part of the Pandharpur Yatra. Devotees carry the palanquins with the images of Lord Vitthal and Rukmini on their shoulders, walking in a grand procession from various towns and villages to Pandharpur. The Palkhi procession usually takes place during the months of June and July, attracting a massive gathering of devotees from different parts of Maharashtra.
5. Bhakti Movement: Pandharpur holds significant importance in the history of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra. The town has been a center for the devotional and spiritual practices of saints and poets like Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sant Namdev, and Sant Eknath. Their teachings and devotional compositions have greatly influenced the Bhakti tradition in Maharashtra.

Pandharpur’s rich religious heritage, devotion, and spiritual atmosphere make it a prominent destination for pilgrims and followers of Lord Vitthal. The town’s cultural and historical significance, coupled with its religious fervor, draws people from all walks of life to experience its divine aura.

The history of Pandharpur dates back centuries and is closely intertwined with the worship of Lord Vitthal. Here are some key historical aspects of Pandharpur:

1. Ancient Origins: The exact origins of Pandharpur are uncertain, but it is believed to have existed as a settlement since ancient times. It is mentioned in various historical texts and inscriptions, indicating its significance even in earlier periods.
2. Varkari Tradition: The tradition of the Varkaris, devotees who undertake the Pandharpur Yatra, traces its roots back to the 13th century. The Varkaris follow the path established by the revered saint and poet, Sant Dnyaneshwar, who popularized the pilgrimage to Pandharpur. Over time, the Varkari tradition gained prominence, and devotees from different parts of Maharashtra started visiting Pandharpur.
3. Yadava Dynasty: During the 12th and 13th centuries, Pandharpur came under the rule of the Yadava dynasty. King Ramachandra Yadav is said to have built the original temple of Lord Vitthal in Pandharpur. The Yadavas played a significant role in promoting the worship of Lord Vitthal and the growth of the town as a pilgrimage center.
4. Bhakti Movement: Pandharpur flourished during the Bhakti movement, which swept through Maharashtra during the medieval period. Prominent saints and poets like Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sant Namdev, Sant Eknath, and others contributed to the spiritual and cultural development of the region. Their devotional compositions and teachings added to the popularity and sanctity of Pandharpur.
5. Maratha Rule: In the 17th century, the Marathas, under the leadership of King Shivaji and his successors, took control of Pandharpur. The Maratha rulers provided patronage to the temple and facilitated the growth of the town as a major pilgrimage center. They organized the grand Pandharpur Yatra and ensured the well-being of the pilgrims.
6. British Era: During the British colonial period, Pandharpur faced challenges due to political and administrative changes. However, the worship of Lord Vitthal and the pilgrimage tradition continued to thrive among the devotees. The British authorities recognized the significance of Pandharpur and provided support for the organization of the annual Pandharpur Yatra.

Today, Pandharpur stands as a testament to its rich historical and cultural heritage. The town’s history is deeply intertwined with the devotional traditions and the worship of Lord Vitthal, attracting millions of devotees from all over Maharashtra and beyond. The pilgrimage to Pandharpur remains a cherished and revered tradition, keeping the historical significance of the town alive.

Pandharpur, also known as the Southern Kashi of India and the Kuldaivat of Maharashtra State, is a holy place dedicated to Shri Vitthal and Shri Rukmini. It is located about 72 kilometers from Solapur District headquarters in Maharashtra. The town has its own railway station on the Miraj-Kurduwadi-Latur railway track.

The ancient temple of Shri Vitthal was renovated in 1195 A.D. and stands as the main attraction of Pandharpur. Along with the main temple, there are many other temples dedicated to various Indian deities and mathas (dharmashalas) associated with different saints. The Chandrabhaga (Bhima) River flows through the city, adding to its serene atmosphere.

Pandharpur attracts a large number of devotees from Maharashtra and surrounding states throughout the year. The Aashadhi and Kartiki Ekadashis are particularly significant festivals celebrated with great enthusiasm. Devotees gather in large numbers to participate in these festivities. Additionally, daily rituals such as Kakda Aarati, Mahapooja, Mahanaivedhya, Poshakh, Dhooparati, Padyapooja, and Shejarti are performed in the main temple of Lord Vitthal.

During the Waari festival, the palaquins (palakhis) of various saints from different locations come together at Wakhari, which is located five kilometers from Pandharpur. This grand festival attracts devotees and pilgrims who undertake the sacred Waari procession to Pandharpur.

As visitors enter the main temple complex through Namdev Payari and exit through Pachhim Dwar, they come across several temples dedicated to different deities. These temples add to the spiritual ambiance and provide devotees with an opportunity for worship and reverence.

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